软件构架实践（第3版影印版）pdf/txt下载_在线阅读全文

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书籍
计算机书籍
　　十年间，敏捷软件工程，冰与火之歌
　　《软件构架实践》是一本荣获大奖且影响深远的经典之作，目前已经全面修订，充分体现了这一领域的*进展。基于软件开发的真实现状，本书再次以全新的角度引入软件构架的相关概念和*实践，阐述软件系统是如何架构的，软件系统中的各个要素之间又是如何相互作用的。有别于实现细节、算法和数据表示，软件构架是达成高品质软件的关键，是一种可重用于后续软件系统的资产，并且对软件企业的商业策略至关重要。
　　作者围绕着软件构架影响周期的概念对本书前一版进行了重构。每个周期都表明了软件构架是如何产生影响的，同时它又受哪些因素的影响，软件构架在特定的背景下发挥着关键性的作用。这些背景包括技术环境、项目的生命周期、组织的业务概况和架构师的专业实践。作者还进一步延展了质量属性，仍然以构架理念为中心（用单独一章内容来专门介绍每个属性），拓宽了软件构架模式。

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目　　录

preface xv
reader’s guide xvii
acknowledgments xix
part one: introduction
chapter 1: what is software architecture?
1.1 what software architecture is and what it isn’t
1.2 architectural structures and views
1.3 architectural patterns
1.4 what makes a “good” architecture?
1.5 summary
1.6 for further reading
1.7 discussion questions
chapter 2: why is software architecture important?
2.1 inhibiting or enabling a system’s quality attributes

preface xv 
reader’s guide xvii 
acknowledgments xix 
part one: introduction 
chapter 1: what is software architecture? 
1.1 what software architecture is and what it isn’t 
1.2 architectural structures and views 
1.3 architectural patterns 
1.4 what makes a “good” architecture? 
1.5 summary 
1.6 for further reading 
1.7 discussion questions 
chapter 2: why is software architecture important? 
2.1 inhibiting or enabling a system’s quality attributes 
2.2 reasoning about and managing change 
2.3 predicting system qualities 
2.4 enhancing communication among stakeholders 
2.5 carrying early design decisions 
2.6 defining constraints on an implementation
.2.7 influencing the organizational structure 
2.8 enabling evolutionary prototyping 
2.9 improving cost and schedule estimates 
2.10 supplying a transferable, reusable model 
2.11 allowing incorporation of independently developed
components 
2.12 restricting the vocabulary of design alternatives 
2.13 providing a basis for training 
2.14 summary 
2.15 for further reading 
2.16 discussion questions 
chapter 3: the many contexts of software architecture 
3.1 architecture in a technical context 
3.2 architecture in a project life-cycle context 
3.3 architecture in a business context 
3.4 architecture in a professional context 
3.5 stakeholders 
3.6 how is architecture influenced? 
3.7 what do architectures influence? 
3.8 summary 
3.9 for further reading 
3.10 discussion questions 
part two: quality attributes 
chapter 4: understanding quality attributes 
4.1 architecture and requirements 
4.2 functionality 
4.3 quality attribute considerations 
4.4 specifying quality attribute requirements 
4.5 achieving quality attributes through tactics 
4.6 guiding quality design decisions 
4.7 summary 
4.8 for further reading 
4.9 discussion questions 
chapter 5: availability 
5.1 availability general scenario 
5.2 tactics for availability 
5.3 a design checklist for availability 
5.4 summary 
5.5 for further reading 
5.6 discussion questions 
chapter 6: interoperability 
6.1 interoperability general scenario 
6.2 tactics for interoperability 
6.3 a design checklist for interoperability 
6.4 summary 
6.5 for further reading 
6.6 discussion questions 
chapter 7: modifiability 
7.1 modifiability general scenario 
7.2 tactics for modifiability 
7.3 a design checklist for modifiability 
7.4 summary 
7.5 for further reading 
7.6 discussion questions 
chapter 8: performance 
8.1 performance general scenario 
8.2 tactics for performance 
8.3 a design checklist for performance 
8.4 summary 
8.5 for further reading 
8.6 discussion questions 
chapter 9: security 
9.1 security general scenario 
9.2 tactics for security 
9.3 a design checklist for security 
9.4 summary 
9.5 for further reading 
9.6 discussion questions 
chapter 10: testability 
10.1 testability general scenario 
10.2 tactics for testability 
10.3 a design checklist for testability 
10.4 summary 
10.5 for further reading 
10.6 discussion questions 
chapter 11: usability 
11.1 usability general scenario 
11.2 tactics for usability 
11.3 a design checklist for usability 
11.4 summary 
11.5 for further reading 
11.6 discussion questions 
chapter 12: other quality attributes 
12.1 other important quality attributes 
12.2 other categories of quality attributes 
12.3 software quality attributes and system quality
attributes 
12.4 using standard lists of quality attributes–or not 
12.5 dealing with “x-ability”: bringing a new quality attribute
into the fold 
12.6 for further reading 
12.7 discussion questions 
chapter 13: architectural tactics and patterns 
13.1 architectural patterns 
13.2 overview of the patterns catalog 
13.3 relationships between tactics and patterns 
13.4 using tactics together 
13.5 summary 
13.6 for further reading 
13.7 discussion questions 
chapter 14: quality attribute modeling and analysis 
14.1 modeling architectures to enable quality attribute
analysis 
14.2 quality attribute checklists 
14.3 thought experiments and back-of-the-envelope analysis 
14.4 experiments, simulations, and prototypes 
14.5 analysis at different stages of the life cycle 
14.6 summary 
14.7 for further reading 
14.8 discussion questions 
part three: architecture in the life cycle 
chapter 15: architecture in agile projects 
15.1 how much architecture? 
15.2 agility and architecture methods 
15.3 a brief example of agile architecting 
15.4 guidelines for the agile architect 
15.5 summary 
15.6 for further reading 
15.7 discussion questions 
chapter 16: architecture and requirements 
16.1 gathering asrs from requirements documents 
16.2 gathering asrs by interviewing stakeholders 
16.3 gathering asrs by understanding the business goals 
16.4 capturing asrs in a utility tree 
16.5 tying the methods together 
16.6 summary 
16.7 for further reading 
16.8 discussion questions 
chapter 17: designing an architecture 
17.1 design strategy 
17.2 the attribute-driven design method 
17.3 the steps of add 
17.4 summary 
17.5 for further reading 
17.6 discussion questions 
chapter 18: documenting software architectures 
18.1 uses and audiences for architecture documentation 
18.2 notations for architecture documentation 
18.3 views 
18.4 choosing the views 
18.5 combining views 
18.6 building the documentation package 
18.7 documenting behavior 
18.8 architecture documentation and quality attributes 
18.9 documenting architectures that change faster than you can
document them 
18.10 documenting architecture in an agile development
project 
18.11 summary 
18.12 for further reading 
18.13 discussion questions 
chapter 19: architecture, implementation, and testing 
19.1 architecture and implementation 
19.2 architecture and testing 
19.3 summary 
19.4 for further reading 
19.5 discussion questions 
chapter 20: architecture reconstruction and conformance 
20.1 architecture reconstruction process 
20.2 raw view extraction 
20.3 database construction 
20.4 view fusion 
20.5 architecture analysis: finding violations 
20.6 guidelines 
20.7 summary 
20.8 for further reading 
20.9 discussion questions 
chapter 21: architecture evaluation 
21.1 evaluation factors 
21.2 the architecture tradeoff analysis method 
21.3 lightweight architecture evaluation 
21.4 summary 
21.5 for further reading 
21.6 discussion questions 
chapter 22: management and governance 
22.1 planning 
22.2 organizing 
22.3 implementing 
22.4 measuring 
22.5 governance 
22.6 summary 
22.7 for further reading 
22.8 discussion questions 
part four: architecture and business 
chapter 23: economic analysis of architectures 
23.1 decision-making context 
23.2 the basis for the economic analyses 
23.3 putting theory into practice: the cbam 
23.4 case study: the nasa ecs project 
23.5 summary 
23.6 for further reading 
23.7 discussion questions 
chapter 24: architecture competence 
24.1 competence of individuals: duties, skills, and knowledge of
architects 
24.2 competence of a software architecture organization 
24.3 summary 
24.4 for further reading 
24.5 discussion questions 
chapter 25: architecture and software product lines 
25.1 an example of product line variability 
25.2 what makes a software product line work? 
25.3 product line scope 
25.4 the quality attribute of variability 
25.5 the role of a product line architecture 
25.6 variation mechanisms 
25.7 evaluating a product line architecture 
25.8 key software product line issues 
25.9 summary 
25.10 for further reading 
25.11 discussion questions 
part five: the brave new world 
chapter 26: architecture in the cloud 
26.1 basic cloud definitions 
26.2 service models and deployment options 
26.3 economic justification 
26.4 base mechanisms 
26.5 sample technologies 
26.6 architecting in a cloud environment 
26.7 summary 
26.8 for further reading 
26.9 discussion questions 
chapter 27: architectures for the edge 
27.1 the ecosystem of edge-dominant systems 
27.2 changes to the software development life cycle 
27.3 implications for architecture 
27.4 implications of the metropolis model 
27.5 summary 
27.6 for further reading 
27.7 discussion questions 
chapter 28: epilogue 
references 
about the authors 
index

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前　　言

　　本书第2版出版以来，弹指之间已过十年。在此期间，软件构架领域的关注点在拓宽和延展，从主要面向内部——人们是如何对软件进行设计、评估和编档的——到关注影响软件的外部因素——更深入地理解这些因素对软件构架的影响，更透彻地理解架构对软件生命周期、组织和管理的影响。过去的十年中，我们也看到软件系统的类型也发生了巨大的变化。十年前，大数据、社交媒体和云计算都还处于萌芽期，但现在，成熟已经足以形容它们的发展，而应该说它们已经相当具有影响力了。
　　我们听取了读者对前两版的一些批评建议，在新版中包含了更多与模式相关的素材，重新组织了与质量属性相关的素材，并单独用一章的篇幅来介绍作为质量属性之一的互操作性。我们还向读者提供了如何为自己喜欢的质量属性生成场景和策略。
　　为了能包含如此丰富的新鲜素材，我们不得不做出一个艰难的选择。具体说来，本书的这一版再也不像前两个版本一样包含扩充性的案例学习。这个决定也体现了软件构架这一领域已走向成熟，从某种意义上来讲，为软件构架提供案例学习已经不如十年前那样流行，而且对读者而言，这样的案例学习对帮助他们认识到软件构架的重要性已经没有多大必要了。然而，前两个版本的案例学习还是有的，可以从本书配套网站获得，网址为www.informit.com/title/9780321815736。此外，在这个配套网站上，我们还提供了幻灯片以便老师们在教学中使用这些案例。

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软件构架实践（第3版影印版）

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