语音学教程（第七版）（影印本）

Peter版的《语音学教程》在美国的大学课堂上广为使用，它或许并不是你平时语音课上使用的教材，但很快你就会发现它是你的老师曾经阅读和学习的挚爱。 

国际著名语音学家彼得·赖福吉（Peter Ladefoged）教授的《语音学教程》经过反复修订，凝聚了作者毕生的研究和教学心得，已成为语音学经典教材。不同于其他语音学教材，它省去了很多概念的理论探讨，列举了大量的发音实例和三维语图，强调了发音的"动态"过程，非常适合初学者学习。
第七版由著名语音学家凯斯·约翰逊（Keith Johnson）教授主笔修订，保留了前版的框架，但每一章节的内容都有不同程度的更新。尤其值得一提的是"要点重述（Recap）"，它并非简单的内容总结，而是对全章内容的综述和理论观照，有助于有兴趣的读者发掘有价值的课题，开展深入的语音学研究。
另外，第七版还搭建了一个网络资源平台，为纸质教材配备了互动式材料，读者可以通过X光透视视频观察发音的姿态，可以对照声谱图听音频体会发音的细节差异，还可以在线完成语音练习和测验。

彼得·赖福吉（Peter Ladefoged）教授，国际著名的语音学家，美国加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校终身教授，曾任美国语言学会会长、国际语音学会会长。

Speech sounds， like other sounds， can differ from one another in three ways.They can be the same or different in （1） pitch， （2） loudness， and （3） quality.Thus， two vowel sounds may have exactly the same pitch in the sense that they are said on the same note on the musical scale， and they may have the same Ioudness， yet still may differ in that one might be the vowel in bad and the other the vowel in bud.On the other hand， they might have the same vowel quality but differ in that one was said on a higher pitch or that one of them was spoken more loudly. 
Sound consists of small variations in air pressure that occur very rapidly one after another.These variations are caused by actions of the speaker's vocal organs that are （for the most part） superimposed on the outgoing flow oflung air.Thus， in the case of voiced sounds， the vibrating vocal folds chop up the stream of lung air so that pulses of relatively high pressure alternate with moments of lower pressure.Variations in air pressure in the form of sound waves move through the air somewhat like the ripples on a pond.When they reach the ear of a listener， they cause the eardrum to vibrate.A graph of a sound wave is very similar to a graph of the movements of the eardrum.