中国园林

        中国园林从三千多年前的商周时期发展至今，已经逐渐形成了独特的民族风格，在世界造园艺术中独树一帜。
和欧洲园林理性、规整的艺术风格截然不同，中国园林**的特色就是将自然山水的景色，浓缩集中到园林的景致之中，无论是空间布局的设计，还是借景、对景、框景、障景等造景手法的运用，中国园林都遵循着“虽由人作，宛自天开”的?则，对地形地貌进行少量的加工和改造，使人们亲近自然的愿望得到**限度的满足。园林中的一山一水、一花一草、一楼一亭、一桥一塔，在设计者精巧的规划之下，组合成许许多多令人惊叹的画面和意境。
       为了使读者对中国园林有进一步的了解，本书从中国园林的类型、造园艺术和园林建筑等方面，结合精美的实景照片与手绘图片，对中国园林进行系统而深入的介绍，希望读者通过本书感受中国园林美之所在的同时，还能够领悟到中国传统文化的博大精深。
The history of Chinese gardens dated back to the Shang and Zhou dynasties over 3,000 years ago. Since then, Chinese gardens have gradually developed a unique national style and established a new school in the world of landscape gardening art.
Entirely different from European gardens – rational and regular in artistic style, the biggest feature of Chinese gardens is that it combines natural scenery with miniature gardens, which is smartly reflected in its spatial layout, and the application of landscape gardening techniques such as borrowed scenery, oppositive scenery, enframed scenery and obstructive scenery. Following the principle that the works of men should match that of heaven, the terrain and landform of a garden is just slightly changed and improved, which highly satisfies people’s desire to be close to nature. Every single hill, stream, flower, grass, building, pavilion, bridge and pogoda is smartly planned and arranged by the designer, forming many remarkably impressive pictures and images.
To help readers further understand Chinese gardens, this book intends to give a systematic but understandable introduction to Chinese gardens from aspects of types, landscape gardening and the architecture of gardens, and provide exquisite photographs and hand-painted pictures. It is hoped that readers can comprehend the profound traditional Chinese culture when appreciating the beauty of Chinese gardens.

          中国园林具有独特的风格，在世界造园艺术中独树一帜。它遵循“虽由人作，宛自天开”的造园思想，把自然山水景观融入一园之中，园林中的山水、草木、亭台楼阁、廊桥馆榭，无不经过精心的布局，组合成如诗如画的空间。本书对中国园林类型、造园手法、园林中的建筑和装饰等进行了生动的讲解，结合精美的图片，带领读者走进中国园林，领略中国园林之美。
    Chinese gardening presents a unique style, distinguished among the world’s gardening art. It adheres to the gardening philosophy that artificial work should resemble the gift of nature, integrating natural landscape into a garden. The hills and rivers, grass and trees, pavilions and bridges in a garden are all painstakingly arranged, constituting a poetic and picturesque space. This book gives a vivid illustration on Chinese garden types, gardening techniques, and the architecture and ornaments in gardens, leading the readers into Chinese gardens to appreciate their beauty with exquisite pictures.  

          吕明伟，2002年北京林业大学园林学院毕业，山东沂水景观设计师，从事景观规划设计及理论研究工作，在《中国园林》、《开发研究》等学术期刊发表学术论文十余篇，发表专业著作六部。
Lu Mingwei, graduated from the garden school of Beijing Forestry University, now is a landscape designer of Yishui County, Shandong Province, engaging in landscape planning and design, as well as theory research, having published six professional works and more than ten research papers on academic journals, such as Chinese Garden, Development and Research, etc.

  　皇家园林
  　皇家园林，就是仅供历代帝王和皇室成员游赏的园林。皇家园林大多规模宏伟、占地辽阔、布局完整、功能齐全，园中建筑近似于皇家宫殿建筑，辉煌而华丽。园林布局一般强调规则、均衡、对称等造园手法，以显皇家的威严与气派。
    最早的皇家园林出现在先秦时期，早期主要是帝王打猎游乐的场所，所以占地面积广大，以自然景观和豢养动物为主，并不以建筑为主，称为“苑囿”。唐宋皇家园林主要集中在长安、洛阳、东京(今开封)、临安等地，数量多且规模宏大，显示出了泱泱大国的气概。现存的皇家园林多为明清时期构建，主要分布在北京、河北两地。
    皇家园林可分为大内御苑、离官御苑和行宫御苑。大内御苑一般建在京城里面，与皇宫毗连，相当于私家宅院；离宫御苑多建在郊外风景优美、环境幽静的地方，是京城皇宫之外，皇帝长期居住并处理朝政的地方。而行官御苑是供皇帝游憩或短期居住之用。
　　大内御苑——故宫御花园
  　大内御苑，是帝王官廷的延伸，在布局上一般具有鲜明的轴线，建筑物之间也有相互对称的特点。如今保存完好的大内御苑，有北京故宫内的御花园、建福官花园和慈宁官花园。
  　御花园位于故宫中轴线的最北端，在坤宁官后方，明代称为“宫后苑”，清代称“御花园”，始建于明永乐十八年(1420年)。
  　御花园占地约1．1万平方米，全园南北宽80米，东西长约l40米，有建筑20余处。园内建筑以钦安殿为中心，布局对称而不呆板，舒展而不零散，玲珑别致，疏密合度。园内现存古树160余株，散布园内各处，青翠的松、柏、竹间点缀着山石，形成了四季长青的园林景观。钦安殿左右有4座亭子：北边的浮碧亭和澄瑞亭，南边的万春亭和千秋亭，造型纤巧秀丽，为御花园增色不少。
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