Transportation　Systems　Analysis　and　Modeling(交通运输系统分析与建模）pdf/txt下载_在线阅读全文

内容简介

本书首先重新定义了交通系统，针对交通运输供给系统进行分析，特别是基于运输成本和交通流量的关系，通过交通流理论、效用函数理论等对交通运输系统用户行为以及客运与货运规律进行数学建模，其中包括交通运输网络静态和动态均衡模型，*后介绍如何通过数据对已经建立的模型校正。本书适合相关专业本科、研究生及相关的研究人员参考。

作者简介

蒋朝哲: 西南交通大学交通运输工程博士后，副教授；加拿大滑铁卢大学土木与环境工程系博士后，副研究员。主要研究方向包括系统决策理论与方法，交通运输系统工程，大数据在交通中的应用，城市交通排放（PM2.5）等领域。出版专著教材10余部，发表学术论文60余篇，其中被SCI,EI,ISTP收录近20余篇，主持主研国家自然科学基金、国家社科基金等国家省部级以及加拿大国家和省部级课题20余项。

目　　录

CONTENTS
Part A Transportation Systems Analysis and Modeling Process 1
Chapter 1 Introduction to Transportation Systems 1
1.1 Definitions 1
1.1.1 Preliminary Concepts of Transportation Systems 1
1.1.2 Components of Transportation Systems 2
1.1.3 Relationship Between Transportation Systems and Activity Systems 5
1.2 Transportation System Identification 6
1.2.1 Relevant Spatial Dimensions 6
1.2.2 Relevant Temporal Dimensions 10
1.2.3 Relevant Components of Travel Demand 14
1.3 Macroscopic Measures of a Traffic Stream 17
1.3.1 Fundamental Parameters of Traffic Flow 17
1.3.2 Derived Characteristics 21

CONTENTS Part A  Transportation Systems Analysis and Modeling Process    1 Chapter 1  Introduction to Transportation Systems    1 1.1  Definitions    1 1.1.1  Preliminary Concepts of Transportation Systems    1 1.1.2  Components of Transportation Systems    2 1.1.3  Relationship Between Transportation Systems and Activity Systems    5 1.2  Transportation System Identification    6 1.2.1  Relevant Spatial Dimensions    6 1.2.2  Relevant Temporal Dimensions    10 1.2.3  Relevant Components of Travel Demand    14 1.3  Macroscopic Measures of a Traffic Stream    17 1.3.1  Fundamental Parameters of Traffic Flow    17 1.3.2  Derived Characteristics    21 1.3.3  Time-space diagram    23 1.3.4  Fundamental Relationship    25 Chapter 2  Transportation Systems Analysis Framework    29 2.1  Background of the Current Transportation Environment Changing    29 2.2  Basic Premise of a Transportation System    29 2.3  Interrelationship of Transportation and Activity System    30 2.4  Intervening Transportation/Activity/Flow (TAF) System    31 2.5  Prediction of Transportation Flows    33 Chapter 3  Transportation Systems Mathematical Modeling Fundamentals    35 3.1  The Function of Mathematical Modeling    35 3.2  General Assumption for Transportation Systems Modeling    36 3.2.1  Physical and Functional Delineation Assumption    36 3.2.2  Spatial Discretization Assumption(Zoning)    36 3.2.3  Identification of Relevant Transportation Services    36 3.2.4  Identification of Relevant Model Periods    36 3.2.5  Withinperiod Variability Assumption    36 3.3  Mathematical Models Family Structure for Transportation  System    37 3.4  Supply Models Simulating Transportation Systems    37 3.5  Demand Models Simulating Transportation Systems and  Activity    38 3.6  Network Demand-Supply Interaction Modeling    38 Part B  Transportation Supply Analysis and Modeling    42 Chapter 4  Macroscopic Traffic Stream Modeling    42 4.1  Introduction    42 4.2  Greenshield’s Macroscopic Stream Model    43 4.3  Calibration of Greenshield’s Model    45 4.4  Other Macroscopic Stream Models    46 4.4.1  Greenberg’s Logarithmic Model    46 4.4.2  Underwood’s exponential model    46 4.4.3  Pipes’ Generalized Model    47 4.4.4  Multi-Regime Models    47 4.5  Shock Waves    48 4.6  Macroscopic Flow Models    50 Chapter 5  Microscopic Traffic Flow Modeling    52 5.1  Introduction    52 5.2  Notation for Car Following Modeling    52 5.3  Car Following Models    53 5.3.1  Pipe’s Model    53 5.3.2  Forbes’ Model    54 5.3.3  General Motors’ Model    54 5.3.4  Optimal Velocity Model    54 5.4  General Motor’s Car Following Model    55 5.4.1  Basic Philosophy    55 5.4.2  Follow-the-Leader Model    55 5.5  Simulation Models    57 5.5.1  Applications of Simulation    57 5.5.2  Need for Simulation Models    58 5.5.3  Classification of Simulation Model    58 Chapter 6  Trip Generation Analysis and Modeling    59 6.1  Basic concepts    59 6.2  Trip Generation Analysis Methods    59 6.3  Regression Analysis Method    62 6.4  Cross-Classification Method    68 6.5  Model Stability over Time    73 6.6  Summary    74 Part C  Trip-based Demand Analysis and Modeling    77 Chapter 7  Trip Distribution Analysis and Modeling    77 7.1  Problem Definition    77 7.2  Gravity Models    80 7.3  Calibration of Doubly Constrained Gravity Models    87 7.4  Summary    95 Chapter 8  Modal Split Analysis and Modeling    98 8.1  Introduction    98 8.2  Factors Influencing Mode Choices    99 8.3  Aggregate Mode Choice Models    99 8.4  Disaggregate Choice Models    103 8.4.1  Modeling Framework: the Utility Theory    104 8.4.2  Logit Model    109 8.4.3  Calibration of Logit Models    112 8.5  Disaggregate Choice Models vs Traditional Aggregate Models    124 8.6  Summary    126 Chapter 9  Network Traffic Assignment Analysis and Modeling    129 9.1  Requirements for Network Traffic Assignment    129 9.2  Road Network Models    130 9.3  Shortest Path Algorithms    133 9.4  Route Choice Behaviour Model    139 9.5  Traffic Assignment Methods    141 9.6  Summary    149 References    152 Appendix A  Linear Regression Analysis    155 Appendix B  Calibrating Logit Models Using Logistic Regression in SPSS    174

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前　　言

PrefaceA transportationsystem can be defined as the combination of elements and their interactions,which produce the demand for travel within a given area and the supply oftransportation services to satisfy this demand (Ennio Cascetta, 2001).Mathematical models of transportation systems represent, for a real orhypothetical transportation system, the demand flows, the functioning of thephysical or organizational elements, the interactions between them, and theireffects on the external world. Mathematical models and the methods involved intheir application to real, large-scale systems are thus fundamental tools forevaluating and/or designing actions affecting the physical elements(e.g., a newurban railway, new airline and terminal) and/or organizational components (e.g.,a new timetable, new schedule or diagram of railway operation) oftransportation systems.

<h1 align="center">Preface</h1>
A transportation
system can be defined as the combination of elements and their interactions,
which produce the demand for travel within a given area and the supply of
transportation services to satisfy this demand (Ennio Cascetta, 2001).
Mathematical models of transportation systems represent, for a real or
hypothetical transportation system, the demand flows, the functioning of the
physical or organizational elements, the interactions between them, and their
effects on the external world. Mathematical models and the methods involved in
their application to real, large-scale systems are thus fundamental tools for
evaluating and/or designing actions affecting the physical elements(e.g., a new
urban railway, new airline and terminal) and/or organizational components (e.g.,
a new timetable, new schedule or diagram of railway operation) of
transportation systems.
This book as lecture
notes has been written mainly for students in transportation engineering,
logistics management and management sciences who desire to learn the basic
concepts involved in the use of models for transportation systems. The
materials presented is based to a large extend on courses of lectures and books
delivered by authors over a number of years to students and professionals in
the engineering, life, physical and social sciences. This book has mainly been
edited by the author to combine different parts from the book Transportation Systems Analysis by Ennio
Cascetta(2001), the lecture notes Urban Transportation Planning Modeling
by  Dr.Liping Fu (2012) and the online
lecture notes Transportation Systems Engineering by Tom. V. Mathew and K.V.
Krishna Rao(2007). 
This book consists of
three parts: PART A, PART B, PART C.
PART A introduces the
transportation systems analysis and modeling process with 3 chapters from 1-3.
Chapter 1 discusses
the basic ideas underling transportation systems and relative analysis, the
materials come from the books and lectures notes by Ennio Cascetta,
Tom.V.Mathew and K.V.Krishna. This chapter defines a transportation system and
identifies its components. Also it describes the macroscopic measures of a
traffic stream.
Chapter 2 introduces the transportation systems analysis framework
for the following modeling. The materials come from lectures notes by
Tom.V.Mathew and K.V.Krishna.
Chapter 3 gives general assumptions for transportation
systems modeling and introduces classic mathematical models family like
supply models, demand models and demand-supply interaction modeling. The
materials come from the book by Ennio Cascetta.
PART B details the
transportation supply analysis and modeling with 3 chapters from 4-6.
Chapter 4 discusses
the macroscopic traffic stream modeling in which Greenshields model and its
calibration are  introduced, and presents
shock waves modeling as well.
Chapter 5 introduces
microscopic traffic flow modeling including car following modeling and
simulation models. The materials of the two chapters come from online notes by
Tom.V.Mathew and K.V.Krishna.
Chapter 6 introduces
congested network trip generation analysis and modeling methods. The chapter
adopted the materials of lecture notes by Dr.Liping Fu.
PART C combines with 3
chapters from 7-9. They talk about trip-based demand analysis and modeling.
Chapter 7 introduces
trip distribution analysis and modeling based on Chapter 6 on trip generation,
Chapter 8 discusses model split analysis and modeling, and finally Chapter 9
introduces traffic assignment analysis and modeling. The materials of these
three chapters come from the lecture notes by Dr.Liping Fu.
In conclusion again, I
should like to thank Dr. Ennio Cascetta, Dr. Liping Fu, Dr. Tom. V. Mathew and
Dr. K.V.Krishna for their materials contribution. As well as to thank my
graduate students for their typing, double checking and communication with the
press.
 
 
C. Z. Jiang
Aug, 2016

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