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这本书是对中国经济以及影响经济的部门的一个宏观的分析，并对新领导和新政府下的中国经济改革做了有理有据的预测。
本书既包含了西方社会如何看待中国的经济发展和新领导人，但是又强调了正进行着这场伟大改革的中国人自己的视野。两位作者的背景决定了这本书的特点。欧思林（Oliver Barron）是一名美国的中国经济分析师，他站在局外，能看到我们这些身在局中的中国人所忽视的地方，分析直指问题的本质；林威（Wei Lin）是《中国证券报》的一名中国记者，了解中国政府的运行和操作流程，注重细节，查漏补缺，矫枉而不过其直。
在整本书中，两位作者既看到中国经济发展的巨大潜力和动力，也敏锐的察觉其中蕴含的风险与问题。观点和视角新鲜、客观而且深入。在三中全会即将到来之际，这本书是对全会召开的背景和可能指明的改革方向的**辅助读本。

内容简介

本书采用中国传统文学章回演义的体裁，将中国的社会主义思想史、社会主义运动史、中国共产党历史和中国近现代史的有关内容熔于一炉，既有对重大历史事件客观中肯的阐述，对重要历史人物生动形象的刻画，又有作者精辟深刻的思想评述。形式新颖生动，文笔简洁流畅。
本书时间跨度自1919年五四运动至1965年“文化大革命”前夕，把这段时期马克思主义在中国的传播及与中国国情相结合，逐步形成中国特色马克思主义理论的过程，以及科学社会主义思想在中国的实践与发展，以开阔的历史视野和敏锐的时代眼光作了细致的描述。尤其是对以*为代表的中国共产党人，把马克思主义基本原理与中国国情和革命实践相结合，创立了包括新民主主义革命和新民主主义社会思想在内的新民主主义理论，建立中华人民共和国，在经济文化落后的半殖民地半封建的国度探索建设社会主义的理论和道路，进行系统的回顾与思考，冷静客观地总结其中的经验教训，以求镜古自悟，资政育人。This book integrates the history of China’s socialist ideology and socialist movement with the history of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and that of modern China. It attempts to touch the reader with an objective narration of major historical events, a vivid depiction of great personalities, and the concise and insightful comments of the author, Dr. Yu Youjun.

本书采用中国传统文学章回演义的体裁，将中国的社会主义思想史、社会主义运动史、中国共产党历史和中国近现代史的有关内容熔于一炉，既有对重大历史事件客观中肯的阐述，对重要历史人物生动形象的刻画，又有作者精辟深刻的思想评述。形式新颖生动，文笔简洁流畅。 
 本书时间跨度自1919年五四运动至1965年“文化大革命”前夕，把这段时期马克思主义在中国的传播及与中国国情相结合，逐步形成中国特色马克思主义理论的过程，以及科学社会主义思想在中国的实践与发展，以开阔的历史视野和敏锐的时代眼光作了细致的描述。尤其是对以*为代表的中国共产党人，把马克思主义基本原理与中国国情和革命实践相结合，创立了包括新民主主义革命和新民主主义社会思想在内的新民主主义理论，建立中华人民共和国，在经济文化落后的半殖民地半封建的国度探索建设社会主义的理论和道路，进行系统的回顾与思考，冷静客观地总结其中的经验教训，以求镜古自悟，资政育人。This book integrates the history of China’s socialist ideology and socialist movement with the history of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and that of modern China. It attempts to touch the reader with an objective narration of major historical events, a vivid depiction of great personalities, and the concise and insightful comments of the author, Dr. Yu Youjun. 
This book covers the period spanning from the May 4th Movement of 1919 to the eve of the Cultural Revolution in 1965. Providing broad historical perspective and sharp insights, it describes this period in details, from the introduction of Marxism to China, to the CPC integrating the theory with China’s prevailing conditions and enriching it with Chinese characteristics, to the evolution and practice of scientific socialism in China. 
The Chinese Communists, represented by Mao Zedong, integrated the fundamental tenets of Marxism with China’s prevailing conditions and revolutionary practices to create their own New Democracy Theory that included both new democratic revolution and new democratic society and to establish the People’s Republic of China. The author’s systematic review and thinking of their explorations of a theory and path to build socialism in a country that was semi-colonial and semi-feudal, burdened with a backward economy and culture, and his objective summary of the lessons and experiences from their explorations, all act as a mirror for today’s governance and education.

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作者简介

于幼军，中山大学马克思主义哲学专业毕业，在职研究生学历，哲学博士。现任国务院南水北调办党组成员、副主任。Yu Youjun, born in 1953, is a native of Fengxian County in Jiangsu Province. He graduated from Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou with a Ph.D. in Marxist philosophy. Since 1986, Yu has worked as a leading Party and government official at regional, municipal, provincial and ministerial levels. He is now the vice director of the Office of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project Construction Committee under the State Council. 
Amidst his busy schedule, he keeps a watchful eye on social issues, keen to learn and question, eager to explore and write. His publications in recent years include The Third Theoretic Breakthrough in Socialism (Guangdong People's Publishing House, 1995), Theory of Culture in the Primary Stage of Socialism (People's Publishing House, 1999), Five Hundred Years of Socialism—Socialism: Utopian and Scientific (Vol. I, revised edition), Five Hundred Years of Socialism—Socialism: Theory and Practice (Vol. II, revised edition), (coauthored, Guangdong Education Publishing House, 2011), and Five Hundred Years of Socialism—Socialism in China (1919-1965) (Vol. III). He has presided over the writing of Stock Cooperative Economy Emerging in Rural China, Deng Xiaoping Theory and Reform and Opening Up Research in Guangdong Province Series, and The New Three Character Classic etc. He has published hundreds of essays and articles in newspapers and journals such as People's Daily, Guangming Daily, Qiushi and Social Sciences in China.

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目　　录

Chapter 1
Marxism Introduced to China after the Russian October Revolution;
Initiated by Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu, the Communist Party of China Is Founded
第一回
十月革命炮响马克思主义传入中国
北李南陈相约中国共产党应运诞生
Chapter 2
Formulation of Ultimate and Interim Party Programs Based on Prevailing Conditions in China;
Two-step Approach for Party’s Strategies
第二回
纲领应有高低展宏图需从国情出发
革命须分两步共产党明晰任务目标
Chapter 3
During Chen Jiongming’s Mutiny, Sun Yat-sen Escapes Aboard the Yongfeng;

Chapter 1 
Marxism Introduced to China after the Russian October Revolution; 
Initiated by Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu, the Communist Party of China Is Founded 
第一回 
十月革命炮响 马克思主义传入中国 
北李南陈相约 中国共产党应运诞生 
Chapter 2 
Formulation of Ultimate and Interim Party Programs Based on Prevailing Conditions in China; 
Two-step Approach for Party’s Strategies 
第二回 
纲领应有高低 展宏图需从国情出发 
革命须分两步 共产党明晰任务目标 
Chapter 3 
During Chen Jiongming’s Mutiny, Sun Yat-sen Escapes Aboard the Yongfeng; 
Sun Decides to Ally with the Soviet Union and the CPC 
第三回 
多年奋斗未果 永丰舰悔筹谋失策 
决意联俄容共 孙中山觅组党良方 
Chapter 4 
The United Front Founded, the National Revolution Rolls On; 
Sun Yat-sen Dies but His Legacy Continues 
第四回 
联合战线筑就 国民革命风起云涌 
一代巨星陨落 伟人业绩山高水长 
Chapter 5 
Chiang Kai-shek Launches Attacks on Communists in Shanghai; 
the CPC Realizes that Political Power Grows out of the Barrel of a Gun 
第五回 
浦江风云突变 蒋介石举起屠刀 
鲜血擦亮眼睛 枪杆子打出政权 
Chapter 6 
To Besiege Cities from the Countryside, the Jinggang Base Is Built; 
a Single Spark Starts a Prairie Fire, the Red Army Is Founded 
第六回 
农村包围城市 井冈道路通天下 
军队效力人民 星星之火可燎原 
Chapter 7 
Fighting Dogmatism, the CPC Finds the Right Path; 
Exploring a New Way to Govern, the People’s Republic in Embryo 
第七回 
反对教条主义 思想路线正航向 
 探索苏区新政 人民共和见雏形 
Chapter 8 
Wang Ming’s Leftist Policy Leads the Revolution Astray; 
Bo Gu’s Blind Command Takes the Red Army up a Blind Alley 
第八回 
王明决策极左 中国革命误入歧途 
博古指挥胡乱 苏区红军濒于绝境 
Chapter 9 
The Zunyi Meeting Corrects the Direction of the Party; 
the Long March Keeps Alive the Embers of Revolution 
第九回 
遵义航向拨正 力挽狂澜于既倒 
红军铁流万里 锻造民族之脊梁 
Chapter 10 
Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng Capture Chiang in the Xi’an Incident; 
Zhang Wentian and Mao Zedong Mediate for a United Front between KMT and CPC against Japanese Aggression 
第十回 
张杨奋起兵谏 西安事变惊环宇 
张毛力促和解 国共携手赴国难 
Chapter 11 
A Whole Nation United as One to Resist Japanese Aggression; 
the CPC Wins Wide Respect for Defending National Unity 
第十一回 
全民同仇敌忾 抗日烽火燃遍大江南北 
中共深明大义 化解危局饮誉国内海外 
Chapter 12 
Mao Zedong Crystallizes His Thoughts on the New-Democracy Theory; 
Shaanxi-Gansu Base Experiments the Model of the People’s Republic 
第十二回 
润之潜心耕耘 终成新民主主义理论 
陕甘起步试验 探索人民共和国模式 
Chapter 13 
Complying with the Historical Trend, the CPC Issues May Day Slogans; 
Joining Hands to Found a Democratic Government, the CPC and the Democratic Parties Formulate the Common Program 
第十三回 
顺应历史潮流 共产党发出“五一口号” 
协商民主建国 众党派订立《共同纲领》 
Chapter 14 
New-democratic Blueprint Cures the Wounds of War; 
Land Reform Makes Land-to-the-tiller Dream Come True 
第十四回 
医治战争创伤 新民主主义蓝图铺展 
推行土地改革 耕者有其田梦想成真 
Chapter 15 
China Chooses Alliance with the Soviet Union; 
Implementation of the First Five-Year Plan Leads to Economic and Social Advancement 
第十五回 
选择与苏结盟 外交方针一边倒 
 实施一五计划 经济社会百事新 
Chapter 16 
A Premature Transition to Socialism under the General Line which Replaces the Common Program; 
Too Eager to Complete the Transformation of Agriculture, Handicraft and Industrial and Commercial Industries 
第十六回 
过早起步过渡 总路线取代《共同纲领》 
过急过快推进 超高速完成“三大改造” 
Chapter 17 
Khrushchev Repudiates Personality Cult in His Secret Report; 
Eighth CPC National Congress Explores New Path Based on In-depth Research 
第十七回 
痛批个人崇拜 赫鲁晓夫抛出秘密报告 
大兴调查研究 中共八大探索建设新路 
Chapter 18 
The Intra-Party Rectification Movement Turns into the Anti-Rightist Campaign; 
Purge Escalates and Becomes Reckless 
第十八回 
整风急转反右 雷霆震怒出重拳 
斗争失去法度 千倍扩大实离谱 
Chapter 19 
Following a Right Track Not for Rash Advance, a Sober Mind Ensures Steady Progress; 
the Feverish Great Leap Forward Ends in Debacle and the Utopia Is But a Dream 
第十九回 
反冒进循正轨 头脑清醒令步伐稳健 
大跃进演闹剧 主观狂热致梦想成空 
Chapter 20 
Premature People’s Communes Waste Money and Manpower, Causing Lasting Calamities; 
Communization Results in Chaos and Disunity, an Expensive Lesson 
第二十回 
公社化硬超前 劳民伤财罹患沉疴 
共产风乱神州 民心离散教训深重 
Chapter 21 
Overnight Change of Direction at the Lushan Conference, from Correcting Leftist Mistakes to Fighting Rightist Opportunism; 
the Anti-Rightist Storm Surges across the Country, Millions of Innocents Are Wronged 
第二十一回 
庐山风云突变 纠左急转反右竟在一夜间 
反右狂飙再起 无辜蒙冤受难何止百万众 
Chapter 22 
Three-year Great Leap Forward Plunges China into an Abyss; 
Readjustment Policy Helps Rescue the Nation 
第二十二回 
客观规律无情 三年跃进跌入深渊 
实事求是有道 八字方针走出困境 
Chapter 23 
Guarding against Revisionism, the “Four Clear-ups” Movement Aims to Purge “Dissidents” within the Party; 
Focusing on the Class Struggle, Mao’s New Thought Sets the Tone for the Cultural Revolution 
第二十三回 
高调反修防修 “四清运动”整肃党内走资派 
强化阶级斗争 新创理论隐伏“文化大革命” 
Important Figures 
重要人物 
Bibliography 
主要参考书 
Afterword 
后记

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媒体评论

Socialism in China (1919-1965) presents an objective and frank narration of all significant events in the history of the Communist Party of China, such as the First National Congress, Gutian Meeting, Zunyi Meeting, Xi’an Incident, Yan’an Rectification Movement, Anti-Rightist Campaign, and the Lushan Conference. On top of making comprehensive summaries of lessons and experiences, the author also makes objective and pertinent comments on Chen Duxiu, Zhang Wentian and Mao Zedong, the first three leaders of the CPC. 
　　-- Zhao Yao, Honorary President of China Society of Scientific Socialism and Professor at Party School of the CPC Central Committee 
　　This book combines socialist practice with socialism theory, facilitating the general public’s understanding of Marxism and socialism. 
　　-- Gao Fang, Professor at Renmin University of China and Vice President of China Society of International Communist Movement History 
　　The author narrates in plain language the historic events that took place in China over the past decades, the struggles of generation after generation of revolutionaries and Communists, their joys and sorrows. It narrows the distance between history and the readers, and between socialist theory and ordinary people. 
　　Particularly noteworthy is the author’s candor in depicting events in the late 1950s such as the Anti-Rightist Campaign, the “Great Leap Forward,” the “People’s Commune Movement” and the purge of “Rightist opportunists.” Not trying to cover anything up, he demonstrates an objective level-headedness and firm support toward socialism and uses facts to prove that socialism has never been plain sailing in China. 
　　-- Wang Meng, writer and former Minister of Culture 
　　This is a good book with profound thinking and rich historical information, expounded in an easy and graceful language. It provides a systematic record of the socialist movement and the progress of socialism in China. 
　　-- Li Junru, Former Deputy Director of Party History Research Center, CPC Central Committee and former Deputy President of Party School of the CPC Central Committee 
　　The book demonstrates in readily understandable language the author’s high ideological level and strong analytic reasoning. His exposition on the new democratic revolution is quite fresh and incisive. The wonderful section on New China beats any publication on the same topic on the domestic market. 
　　-- Chen Tiejian, Research Fellow at the Institute of Modern Chinese History under Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and Former Deputy President of the Society of Chinese Contemporary History

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在线试读部分章节

Chapter 1
Marxism Introduced to China after the Russian October Revolution;
Initiated by Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu, the Communist Party of China Is Founded
Chen Duxiu, initiator and major leader of China’s New Culture Movement and “commander-in-chief” of the May Fourth Movement, put his heart and efforts into promoting democracy and the development of science. Together with a group of people who also worried about the country’s future, they used the New Youth magazine as a base to attack the feudal ideology and culture. In the meantime, the success of the October Revolution in Russia led by Lenin was like a bright comet in the dark night, a great inspiration for the leaders of China’s New Culture Movement. Furthermore, Marxism was introduced into China around this time, and provided those who looked to the West for a solution with a new way to think about China’s future and a practical path to save China and its people. Armed with a new perspective, these people pondered China’s future, gradually developed into intellectuals with some basic understandings of Communism. They shouldered the historical responsibilities to save the country and its people and founded the Communist Party of China (CPC).
It was the afternoon of June 11, 1919, and the streets of southern Beijing were full of noise and bustle from people attending a local fair. By contrast, in a corner of a quiet teahouse, three men dressed in scholarly garb were chatting. Suddenly, one of them, a man perhaps in his 40s and wearing a white suit and a hat, took out a pile of leaflets from his jacket and distributed them around the teahouse. Entitled “The Declaration of Beijing Citizens”, the leaflet made five demands, including reclaiming Shandong Province’s sovereignty; deposing traitor officials; and granting freedom of assembly and speech to citizens. The teahouse immediately became noisy, with some shocked and many more excited.
The three men looked at each other, smiled, and stood up to leave. It was getting late. Among the three men, Professor Li Dazhao of Peking University and Gao Yihan said goodbye to the man distributing the leaflets, who continued wondering about the fair. At about 10:00 p.m., he went to a rooftop garden and noticed people were watching a movie on a terrace downstairs. He took out a pile of leaflets to drop them below, but just as he was leaving, he was caught by two policemen.

Chapter 1 
Marxism Introduced to China after the Russian October Revolution; 
Initiated by Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu, the Communist Party of China Is Founded 
Chen Duxiu, initiator and major leader of China’s New Culture Movement and “commander-in-chief” of the May Fourth Movement, put his heart and efforts into promoting democracy and the development of science. Together with a group of people who also worried about the country’s future, they used the New Youth magazine as a base to attack the feudal ideology and culture. In the meantime, the success of the October Revolution in Russia led by Lenin was like a bright comet in the dark night, a great inspiration for the leaders of China’s New Culture Movement. Furthermore, Marxism was introduced into China around this time, and provided those who looked to the West for a solution with a new way to think about China’s future and a practical path to save China and its people. Armed with a new perspective, these people pondered China’s future, gradually developed into intellectuals with some basic understandings of Communism. They shouldered the historical responsibilities to save the country and its people and founded the Communist Party of China (CPC). 
It was the afternoon of June 11, 1919, and the streets of southern Beijing were full of noise and bustle from people attending a local fair. By contrast, in a corner of a quiet teahouse, three men dressed in scholarly garb were chatting. Suddenly, one of them, a man perhaps in his 40s and wearing a white suit and a hat, took out a pile of leaflets from his jacket and distributed them around the teahouse. Entitled “The Declaration of Beijing Citizens”, the leaflet made five demands, including reclaiming Shandong Province’s sovereignty; deposing traitor officials; and granting freedom of assembly and speech to citizens. The teahouse immediately became noisy, with some shocked and many more excited. 
The three men looked at each other, smiled, and stood up to leave. It was getting late. Among the three men, Professor Li Dazhao of Peking University and Gao Yihan said goodbye to the man distributing the leaflets, who continued wondering about the fair. At about 10:00 p.m., he went to a rooftop garden and noticed people were watching a movie on a terrace downstairs. He took out a pile of leaflets to drop them below, but just as he was leaving, he was caught by two policemen. 
He was taken to the police station, where an officer banged the table and roared: “State your name!” 
Totally unruffled, the middle-aged man distributing the leaflets replied in a calm voice, “Chen Duxiu.” 
Upon hearing the name of this well-known individual, the officer was shocked, and lowered his voice, “Chen Duxiu of Peking University?” 
“Precisely!” came the lofty reply. 
The officer was at a loss, but continued: “Why are you handing out inflammatory leaflets in the public place? Were you an instigator of unlawful student activities a couple of weeks ago?” Clearly, by “unlawful activities” he meant the May Fourth Movement. 
Chen replied, “What are ‘inflammatory leaflets’? What are ‘unlawful activities’? Are patriotic activities inflammatory? Is the endeavor to save the country unlawful?” 
The officer was speechless, but thought that since Mr. Chen was well known, he should report the case to his superior to avoid potential trouble. He then told his underlings, “Put him into prison and await further instructions.” 
Behind bars, Chen Duxiu thought back on the road he had trodden these past years and reflected on the current political and revolutionary situation as it stood. 
After the failure of the Hundred Days’ Reform1, led by Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, Chen Duxiu left for Japan to study Western bourgeois political theory. He accepted bourgeois ideas on democracy, and actively participated in Chinese students’ revolutionary activities. After returning to China, he first founded a newspaper in his hometown Anhui Province, to spread the ideas of democracy and revolution; then he established and led “Yue Wang Hui” (Society of General Yue), an anti-Qing Dynasty secret society. During the Revolution of 1911, he participated in the revolution in Anhui and Zhejiang provinces. After Anhui gained independence from the Qing government, he took the post of general secretary of the provincial government and implemented radical reforms. However, the reforms were not successful due to opposition by the Royalist old guards. Later he took part in anti-Yuan Shikai activities in Anhui but failed again. 
At that time, Chen became confused and depressed. What needed to be done to save China and the Chinese people? Without learning from the West, it appeared there was no way out. Chen recollected that Hong Xiuquan had established the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and tried to practice agrarian socialism and equalitarianism, but failed; the Boxers had relied on feudalistic superstition to gather the masses, but in the end were unable to withstand Western aggression with advanced weapons. It also seemed that learning from the West did not lead to success either: During the Westernization Movement, the reformers had thought they could learn advanced military, technologies and industries from the West to make the country strong so that it would be able to resist invasion from the West, but they failed; Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao attempted to learn from Western political systems and reform the feudal ruling regime of China during the Constitutional Reform and Modernization of 1898, but they failed; the Revolution of 1911, led by Dr. Sun Yatsen, had overthrown the Qing Dynasty and aimed to establish a republican system similar to what the West had, but warlords ended up seizing power and the resulting Republic had no substance and was unworthy of the name; from the Revolution of 1911 to the May Fourth Movement of 1919, Chinese scholars and thinkers had tried hard to introduce and spread different ideas and thoughts from the West, conducted many different kinds of social experiments, but nothing succeeded and aroused little attention from the citizens. What needed to be done to save China and the Chinese people? Chen Duxiu thought hard and ultimately came to this conclusion: China’s top priority was to improve the national character and transform the culture; only with a new culture, could there be a new citizenship and a new society, only then could a new political system be implemented and stabilized. 
Having this in mind, Chen Duxiu threw himself into the cultural and ideological fray. In September 1915, he established the Youth Journal (renamed New Youth after the second issue) in Shanghai, raising the curtain of China’s New Culture Movement. In 1917, Cai Yuanpei became president of Peking University. A champion of inclusivity in academic learning, Cai invited many scholars with new ideas from around the country to teach at the university, and engaged Chen Duxiu as head of liberal arts department. The editorial department of New Youth magazine moved to Beijing, and Hu Shi, Li Dazhao, Lu Xun, Qian Xuantong and Liu Bannong all joined the editorial department and became major writers for the journal. Thus, New Youth and Peking University became two major centers of China’s New Culture Movement. With “Mr. Democracy” and “Mr. Science” as its two slogans, the movement aimed to “build a new Western-style country and create a new Western-style society,” or to build a bourgeois republic and develop capitalism. 
At this reminiscence, Chen Duxiu could only shake his head with an ironic smile. He thought he had found a good way from Western countries to save China and its people, but reality had smashed his dream. After World War I, the contradictions and problems of the capitalist system had become apparent and, as a result, the Chinese started to have doubts about Western values. Specifically, the Western powers at the Paris Peace Conference not only refused all the reasonable demands from China, a fellow victor, including: the abolition of foreign spheres of influence in China; the withdrawal of foreign troops and the abolition of the Twenty-One Demands that Japan had forced on China. Instead, they decided to transfer to Japan the privileges in Shandong Province previously enjoyed by Germany. The Western dreams were thus shattered. But where was the new way? Chen Duxiu thought of Li Dazhao’s stance: to take the Russian path. Would that work? Chen lost himself in thought. 
Similar to Chen, a group of progressive Chinese scholars were thinking hard about China’s future and exploring a practicable path to save the country. Before and after the May Fourth Movement, they wrote articles and books, and established periodicals or societies, to study, introduce and spread different foreign ideologies and propose different programs to improve Chinese society. At that time, there were many schools of thought in China contending for attention. Over 400 periodicals were established, advocating new trends of thought; numerous societies and associations were set up, with 281 societies being registered in Beijing in 1919 alone. 
There were many different views regarding the approach to reform the society, but they could be summed up into three main camps. The first group advocated learning from the West and taking the path of capitalism. Though they recognized the problems of capitalist societies, they believed it was still a more advanced culture and social system than China. The second group advocated the combining of Western values and Chinese culture to create a new culture. But how to combine the two? This group either had no feasible plan or proposed to turn back to the old path of “letting Chinese learning be the base and Western learning for application.” The third group proposed to follow Russia and take the path of socialism, believing that only socialism could save China. This third view gradually became the mainstream thought. 
However, the theories on socialism that were spreading around were not consistent. They included both scientific socialism created by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels and different kinds of self-called “socialism” of the bourgeoisie and petty bourgeoisie, such as anarchism, anarcho-syndicalism, mutualism, corporatism, Guild socialism, Bernstein socialism, etc. Faced with many forms of “socialism,” most young progressives had no idea which one would be the best for reforming China, and thus had to feel their way toward true socialism. 
During this process, Marx and Engels’ scientific socialism stood out from various socialist ideologies for its scientific and revolutionary characters and for the example of the Russian Revolution. The success of the October Revolution in 1917 turned socialism from an ideology and social ideal into reality for the first time, and set up the first socialist country in human history with a new political regime quite different from the capitalist countries. This enlightened the Chinese people, and particularly awakened intellectuals with a new direction and with promising prospects. 
In July 1919, under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Soviet Union declared that the Soviet Union would abrogate all unequal treaties that tsarist Russia had signed with the Chinese government and all privileges it enjoyed within China. This information delighted and excited the Chinese people who had long suffered from imperialist powers.1 This event amplified the impact of the Russian 
Revolution on China and further promoted the spread of Marxism in China, leading more and more men of insight to approve and accept Marxism and scientific socialism. 
Li Dazhao was among the torchbearers who first spread Marxism in China and called for learning from Russia. He studied in Japan in his early years, where he read classic Marxist works translated by Hajime Kawakami and gradually came to accept Marxism. He and Chen Duxiu were both leaders of the May Fourth Movement. A famous poem sings highly of their contributions. It goes like this: At Peking University’s old Red House, /Two giants from the north and south, /Li and Chen wield mighty words, /Like sun and moon they light then and now.

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社会主义在中国（1919-1965）（英文版） SOCIALISM IN CHINA下载

社会主义在中国（1919-1965）（英文版） SOCIALISM IN CHINA

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