油菜杂种优势利用新技术——化学杂交剂的利用（英文版）pdf/txt下载_在线阅读全文

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This book provides a reference for scientific and technical researchers, and college
students and professors who work on plants applied chemistry research and plant breeding,
especially work on rapeseed research, hybrid seed production and other relevant aspects.

内容简介

　　《Chemical Hybridizing Agents--Principle and Application to Oil Rape Heterosis（精）》（作者：Guan Chunyun）研究内容：Chemical hybridizing agent is a new technology system. Chemical hybridizing agent utilizing heterosis, relates to agriculture and chemistry subject areas. This book discussed two topics that revolves around the rape of chemical hybridizing agent and Heterosis of Brassica napus using. A total of ten chapters, there are respectively introduced heterosis in oil rape, chemical hybridizing hybrids: advantages and applications, approaches to heterosis utilization in oil rape, chemical hybridizing agents for oil rape, cytological basis of chemical emasculation in oil rape, biochemical and molecular biological mechanisms of CHA action, breeding the elite inbred line of oil rape, principles of parent selection for hybrid rapeseed, technology for the production of CHA hybrid seeds of oil rape, major CHA hybrid varieties of oil rape. This book provides a reference for scientific and technical researchers, and college students and professors who work on plants applied chemistry research and plant breeding, especially work on rapeseed research, hybrid seed production and other relevant aspects.

作者简介

目　　录

Preface
Chapter 1 Heterosis in Oil Rape
1.1 Phenotypic Heterosis in Oil Rape
1.1.1 Heterosis of Yield and Its Related Traits
1.I.2 Physiological Heterosis
1.2 Genetic Basis of Oil Rape Heterosis
1.2.1 Dominance Hypothesis
1.2.2 Overdominance Hypothesis
!.2.3 Epistatic Hypothesis
1.2.4 Genetic Equilibrium Theory
1.2.5 Heterozygous Hypothesis
1.2.6 The Theory of Organismic Vitality
Chapter 2Chemical Hybridizing Hybrids: Advantages and Applications
2.1 CHA Hybrids of Oil Rape: Advantages vs. Disadvantages

Preface Chapter 1  Heterosis in Oil Rape 1.1  Phenotypic Heterosis in Oil Rape 1.1.1  Heterosis of Yield and Its Related Traits 1.I.2  Physiological Heterosis 1.2  Genetic Basis of Oil Rape Heterosis 1.2.1  Dominance Hypothesis 1.2.2  Overdominance Hypothesis !.2.3  Epistatic Hypothesis 1.2.4  Genetic Equilibrium Theory 1.2.5  Heterozygous Hypothesis 1.2.6  The Theory of Organismic Vitality Chapter 2Chemical Hybridizing Hybrids: Advantages and Applications 2.1  CHA Hybrids of Oil Rape: Advantages vs. Disadvantages 2.2  The Wide-spread Application of Chemical Hybridizing Agents 2.2.1  Chemical Hybridizing Agents Applied to Oil Crops 2.2.2  Chemical Hybridizing Agents Applied to Grain Crops 2.2.3  Chemical Hybridizing Agents Applied to Cotton 2.2.4  Chemical Hybridizing Agents Applied to Vegetable Crops 2.2.5  Chemical Hybridizing Agents Applied to Forge Crops Chapter 3  Approaches to Heterosis Utilization in Oil Rape 3.1  Rape Hybrid Seed Production through CMS Technique 3.1.1  Nuclear Male Sterility 3.1.2  Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) 3.2  Self Incompatibility and Heterosis Utilization in Rape 3.2.1  The Self Incompatibility in Rape 3.2.2  The Approaches to SI line Breeding 3.2.3  The Propagation of SI Lines 3.2.4  The Hybrid Seed Production with SI Lines 3.3  Engineered Male Sterility for Rape Heterosis Utilization 3.3.1  Significance 3.3.2  Obtaining Male Sterile Gene (pTA29-Barnase-bar) and Restoring Gene       (p TA29-Barstar-bar) 3.3.3  Engineered Male Sterility Hybrid by Guan Chunyun Group 3.4  Chemical Hybridizing Agents for Rape Heterosis Utilization 3.5  The Ecological Sterile Hybrid for Rape Heterosis Utilization 3.5.1  Types and Features of Ecological-Sterile-Line Hybrid 3.5.2  Hybrid Seed Production with Ecological Sterile Line 3.5.3  Some Important Ecological Sterile Lines and Hybrid Varieties 3.6  The Other Approaches to Rape Heterosis Utilization 3.6.1 Heterosis Utilization through Subgenome in Brassica napus 3.6.2  Hybrid Seed Production through Artificial Emasculation Chapter 4Chemical Hybridizing Agents for Oil Rape 4.1  Chemical Hybridizing Agents Commonly Used in Crops 4.2  Effectiveness of Chemical Hybridizing Agents Applied in Oil Rape 4.3  Major Chemical Hybridizing Agents and their Effects on Oil Rape 4.3.1  sx-1 4.3.2  EXP 4.3.3  Male gametocide No.1 4.3.4  Male gametocide No.2 4.3.5  KMS-1 4.3.6  Gibberellin (GA3) 4.3.7  ESP (Sulfonylurea) 4.3.8  EN 4.3.9  Giant star 4.3.10  WP 4.3.11  Dichloropropionic Acid 4.3.12  Sodium Diphenylaminesulfonate 4.3.13  Sulfamic Acid 4.3.14  Amidosulfuron 4.3.15  Sodium Dichloropropionate 4.3.16  Salicylhydroxamic Acid 4.3.17  Ethephon 4.3.18  2,4-D 4.3.19  p-Aniline sulfonic acid Chapter 5Cytological Basis of Chemical Emasculation in Oil Rape 5.1  PMC Meiosis of Oil Rape 5.1.1  Relationship between bud length and meiosis 5.1.2  Chromosome behavior 5.1.3  Time of PMC meiosis ofoil rape 5.1.4  The difference among different-sized buds or similar-sized ones in the same       inflorescence during developmental stages 5.2  Slide Preparation during Meiosis and Microspore Developmental Stages... 5.2.1  Slide preparation during meiotic stages of oil rape 5.2.2  Section cutting technique during microspore development stage of oil rape 5.3Cytological Mechanism for Male Sterility Induced by CHA in Oil Rape 5.3.1  The effect of Adrocide No. 1 on tapetums of anther and the formation of pollen       grains of Brassica napus 5.3.2  Cellular morphological characteristics of anther tapetum and pollen development       during the induction of male infertility ofBrassica napus by Male gametocide       No. 1 at different stages 5.3.3  Impact of Male gametocide No.1 on fertility ofBrassica napus 5.4  Impact of KMS-1 on Fertility ofBrassica napus  1 5.4.1Concentration, Stage and Treatment Method 5.4.2  Effects ofKMS- 1 on the Induction of Male Sterility in Brassica napus 5.4.3  Impact ofKMS-Ion Morphology of Flower Organs ofBrassica napus at Different       Stages 5.4.4  Impact of KMS-1 on Cellular Morphology of Male Sterility of Brassica       napus at Different Stages 5.4.5  Impact of KMS-I on Pollen Vigor ofBrassica napus After Treatment at       Different Stages 5.5  Cytological Mechanism for Non-CHA Induced Sterile Lines 5.5.1  Cytological observation methods for the abortion mechanism of 681A CMS line 5.5.2  Cytological characteristics of abortion of the 681A sterile line 5.5.3  Cytological charateristics of anther abortion of the transgenic male sterile line       tr"dns I  " 5.6  Mechanism of Trace Pollen Generation of CMS Lines 5.6.1  The Generating Mechanism of Trace Pollens and Their Hazards 5.6.2  Research Methods for Trace Pollen of CMS Line 681A 5.6.3  Morphology of Flowers and Fertility Classification of the CMS Line 681A 5.6.4  The Relationship between the Trace Pollen and the Temperature in Nature 5.7  Solutions for Trace Pollen of CMS Lines of Oil rape Chapter 6  Biochemical and Molecular Biological Mechanisms of CHA Action 6.1  Types of Chemical Hybridizing Agents 6.2  Physiological and Biochemical Mechanism of CHA 6.2.1  The Absorption, Transportation of CHA 6.2.2  The Acting Stage of CHA 6.2.3  Biochemical and Physiological Process and Manifestation of CHA Inducing       Male Sterility 6.3  Molecular Biological Mechanism 6.3.1  Sulfonylureas 6.3.2  SQ-1 6.3.3  BAU-9403 Chapter 7  Breeding the Elite Inbred Line of Oil Rape 7.1  Breeding the Inbred Line of Oil Rape 7.1.1  The Importance of the Development of Oil Rape Inbred Line 7.1.2  Basic Requirements for Elite Inbred Line of Oil Rape 7.2  Original Materials and Methods for Inbred Line Breeding 7.2.1  Original Materials for Inbred Line Breeding 7.2.2  Methods for Breeding Inbred Lines 7.3  Improvement of Rape Inbred Line 7.3.1  The Purpose of Inbred Line Improvement 7.3.2  Basic Methods for Inbred Line Improvement 7.4  Anther or Pollen Culture and Parthenogenesis for Breeding Inbred Line 7.4.1  Anther Pollen Culture for Breeding Inbred Line 7.5  Breeding Inbred Line through Microspore Culture and Dihaploid Method 7.5.1  The Significance of Microspore Culture and Dihaploid Breeding in Oil Rape" 7.5.2  Microspore Culture and Dihaploid Breeding Method Chapter 8  Principles of Parent Selection for Hybrid Rapeseed 8.1  Principles of Parent Selection for Cross Making in Oil Rape 8.1.1  The Great Disparity of the Kinship between Parents 8.1.2  The High Combining Ability of Parents 8.1.3  Excellent Composite Traits of Parents with Mutual Complementation 8.1.4  The Additive Effect between the Traits of Parents 8.2  Combining Ability Test 8.2.1  Concept of the Combining Ability 8.2.2  Testing the Combining Ability 8.3  Predicting the Heterosis of Oil Rape 8.3.1  Predicting the Heterosis Based on the Genetic Distance 8.3.2  Predicting the Heterosis Based on the Coefficient of Parentage 8.3.3  Predicting the Heterosis according to the Genotypic Value Chapter 9  Technology for the Production of CHA Hybrid Seeds of Oil Rape 9.1  An Overview 9.2  Technology for CHA Hybrid Seed Production in Oil Rape 9.2.1  Parental seed production 9.2.2  CHA Hybrid Seed Production 9.3  Application of CHA to Solving the Trace Pollen Problem in CMS 9.3.1  Impact of Chemical Gametocides on the Trace Pollen in CMS 9.3.2  Method of Using Chemical Gametocides to Remove Trace Pollen of CMS Chapter 10  Major CItA Hybrid Varieties of Oil Rape 10.1  The CHA Oil Rape Varieties Developed Since 2000 10.1.1  Xiangzayou No.6 10.1.2  Qinyou No.19 10.1.3  Qinyou 33 10.1.4  Yuhuang No. 1 10.1.5  Yuhuang No.2 10.1.6  Yuhuang No.3 10.1.7  Yuhuang No.4 10.1.8  Xingdiyou No.1 10.2  The CHA Oil Rape Varieties Developed Before 2000 10.2.1  Xiangzayou No. 1 10.2.2  Yuza 18 10.2.3  Yuyou 12 10.2.4  Yuza 09 References

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　　Chapter 1 Heterosis in Oil Rape
　　1.1 Phenotypic Heterosis in Oil Rape
　　Like other crops, oil rape usually manifests significant heterosis in its F1 generation which is derived from a cross between different parents, and it is an effective approach to improving the yield in large extent to utilize the heterosis in oil rape. Much effort has been made on the researches on the heterosis of oil rape by the USSR Institute of Oil Crops in former Soviet Union （1967, 1968）, British Plant Breeding Institute （1974）, Svalof Experimental Station （Sweden）（1975）, Fukushima Agricultural Experimental Station （Japan）（1976）, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences （1964）, Oil Crops Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences （1972）, Hunan Agricultural University （1973）, Huazhong Agricultural University （1973）, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences （1970~1978）, etc. Noticeable heterosis is widely found in the F1 generation of the intervarietal hybrids, with a yield increment of 20%~30%, even as high as 130%, compared with that of parents.
　　1.1.1 Heterosis of Yield and Its Related Traits
　　The remarkable heterosis in yield and its related traits of Brassica napus was found by Guan Chunyun et al. （1980） when they made an observation on eleven male-sterile-line hybrids and eight intervarietal ones. Their research results show that the phenotypic values of six observed traits for eight intervarietal hybrids are noticeably higher than those of their parents. Particularly, the number of the primary effective branches and the number of pods of F1 generation show significant heterosis, 21.20% and 19.18% higher than the mean value of both parents （P 0.01　　）, respectively, even higher than that of the higher parent （P 0.05 or P 0.01）. And the number of pods of F1 generation for all crosses is higher than that of their higher parents. The plant height and the node number of main stem are also significantly higher than the mean of two parents （P 0.01）. Only the number of seeds per pod and the 1000-seed weight show little heterosis, and the 1000-seed weight appears even a negative heterosis than that of the higher parent because it is a quantitative trait which often appears in an intermediate phenotype with negative heterosis in F1 generation. According to the
　　analysis of yield components and the related traits in Brassica napus, among the three

Chapter 1 Heterosis in Oil Rape 　　1.1 Phenotypic Heterosis in Oil Rape 　　Like other crops, oil rape usually manifests significant heterosis in its F1 generation which is derived from a cross between different parents, and it is an effective approach to improving the yield in large extent to utilize the heterosis in oil rape. Much effort has been made on the researches on the heterosis of oil rape by the USSR Institute of Oil Crops in former Soviet Union （1967, 1968）, British Plant Breeding Institute （1974）, Svalof Experimental Station （Sweden） （1975）, Fukushima Agricultural Experimental Station （Japan） （1976）, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences （1964）, Oil Crops Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences （1972）, Hunan Agricultural University （1973）, Huazhong Agricultural University （1973）, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences （1970~1978）, etc. Noticeable heterosis is widely found in the F1 generation of the intervarietal hybrids, with a yield increment of 20%~30%, even as high as 130%, compared with that of parents. 　　1.1.1 Heterosis of Yield and Its Related Traits 　　The remarkable heterosis in yield and its related traits of Brassica napus was found by Guan Chunyun et al. （1980） when they made an observation on eleven male-sterile-line hybrids and eight intervarietal ones. Their research results show that the phenotypic values of six observed traits for eight intervarietal hybrids are noticeably higher than those of their parents. Particularly, the number of the primary effective branches and the number of pods of F1 generation show significant heterosis, 21.20% and 19.18% higher than the mean value of both parents （P<0.01　　）, respectively, even higher than that of the higher parent （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. And the number of pods of F1 generation for all crosses is higher than that of their higher parents. The plant height and the node number of main stem are also significantly higher than the mean of two parents （P<0.01）. Only the number of seeds per pod and the 1000-seed weight show little heterosis, and the 1000-seed weight appears even a negative heterosis than that of the higher parent because it is a quantitative trait which often appears in an intermediate phenotype with negative heterosis in F1 generation. According to the 　　analysis of yield components and the related traits in Brassica napus, among the three 　　yield components, the number of pods per unit area plays a decisive role on the yield formation. Therefore, if the number of pods of F1 generation manifests a significant heterosis, its seed yield will be greatly increased. Furthermore, the number of primary branches and the node number of main stem are closely related to the number of pods per plant, and their higher heterosis lays a foundation for the formation of the higher yield. The seed yield and seed oil content of F1 generation are 17.16% and 4.18% higher than the mean of two parents, and 4.88% and 1.94% higher than that of the higher parent, respectively （Table 1-1）. 　　Table 1-1 The heterosis of F1 generation of Brassica napus 	　　Plant height Number of nodes Primary branches Pods per plant Seeds per pod 1000-seed weight Yield （667m2） Oil content 　　Intervarietal hybrids （Average of 8 hybrids） 　　Heterobeltiosis/% 7.10 8.95 21.20 19.18 2.50 1.32 17.16 4.18 　　Heterosis to mean/% 4.95 3.42 16.90 4.72 3.44 .6.45 4.88 1.94 　　The difference 　　between F1 and the mean of parents （N=10） 9.38* （cm） 2.32* 2.10** 206.70** 1.00 0.06 （g） 12.43 （kg） 1.78 （%） 　　The difference 　　between F1 and the higher parent （N=10） 3.49* （cm） 0.98 1.68* 100.30** 0.52 .0.26 （g） 3.21 （kg） 0.80 （%） 　　The crosses with heterobeltiosis/% 62.50 62.50 62.50 100.00 50.00 37.50 6.50 62.50 　　Male sterile line hybrids （Average of 11 hybrids） 　　F1 heterosis compared with restorer/% 6.34 1.84 9.20 42.30 .6.06 7.41 15.50 2.57 　　The difference 　　between F1 and the average of restorers （N=10） 7.37 （cm） 0.70 0.87 237.96** .0.11 0.14 （g） 9.54 （kg） 0.81 （%） 　　The crosses with heterobeltiosis/% 81.80 72.70 72.7 100.00 45.40 54.50 63.6 81.8 	　　Note: * P<0.05 （t=2.228）; ** P<0.01 （t=3.169） 　　Source: Guan Chunyun et al., 1980 	　　As for the heterosis of male-sterile-line hybrids, the result is similar to that of the intervarietal hybrids. The heterosis of all yield-related traits except for the number of seeds per pod of F1 generation is higher than that of the male parent as restorer. Compared with the restorer, the F1 hybrid shows the higher number of pods per plant （P<0.01）, the higher plant height and higher number of the primary branches （P<0.05）, 　　respectively. The seed yield and seed oil content also show a noticeable heterosis in the F1 generation of male-sterile-line hybrids. 　　Zheng Yuejin et al. （1991） made eight crosses using one cytoplasmic male sterile line and eight restorers, and conducted observations on the heterosis of seventeen traits （Table 1-2）. The results show that, among 136 observed items fo 	　　……

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油菜杂种优势利用新技术——化学杂交剂的利用（英文版）下载

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