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《林木蛋白质组学研究》适用于生物化学、分子生物学和遗传学专业及所有对蛋白质组学感兴趣的大学师生、科研人员和研究生参考。

内容简介

针对蛋白质组学研究热点、难点问题，《林木蛋白质组学研究》主要汇聚了《林木蛋白质组学研究》组近年来在林木蛋白组学方面的研究进展和部分成果。主要内容包括蛋白质组学在林木生长发育、非生物逆境胁迫（干旱、高温、低温）、适应性进化等方面的研究内容。

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目　　录

PREFACE
Chapter ONE1: Advances in Proteomics Research on Forest Tree 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Research progress on proteomic technology system 1
1.3 The question in current proteomics research 3
1.4 Proteomics applications on forestry 4
1.5 Conclusion and prospect 8
References 10
Chapter TWO2: Comparison of Methods for Protein Extraction from Pine Needles 14
2.1 Introduction 14
2.2 Materials and methods 15
2.3 Results 17
2.4 Discussion 19
References 20

PREFACE Chapter ONE1: Advances in Proteomics Research on Forest Tree 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Research progress on proteomic technology system 1 1.3 The question in current proteomics research 3 1.4 Proteomics applications on forestry 4 1.5 Conclusion and prospect 8 References 10 Chapter TWO2: Comparison of Methods for Protein Extraction from Pine Needles 14 2.1 Introduction 14 2.2 Materials and methods 15 2.3 Results 17 2.4 Discussion 19 References 20 Chapter THREE3: Temporal and Spatial Profiling of Internod Elongation-Associated Protein Expression in Rapidly Growing Culms of Bamboo 21 3.1 Introduction 21 3.2 Materials and methods 22 3.3 Results 26 3.4 Discussion 41 3.5 Conclusion 49 References 51 Chapter FOUR4: Physiological and Protein Responses to Drought in Four Pine Seedlings 54 4.1 Introduction 54 4.2 Material and methods 55 4.3 Results and Discussion 59 References 68 Chapter FIVE5: Proteins Responding to Drought and High-Temperature Stress in Pinus armandii Franch 72 5.1 Introduction 72 5.2 Material and methods 73 5.3 Results and Discussion 76 5.4 Concluding remarks 83 References 84 Chapter SIX6: Proteins Responding to Drought and High-Temperature Stress in Populus× euramericana cv. ‘74/76’ 87 6.1 Introduction 87 6.2 Materials and methods 88 6.3 Results 91 6.4 Discussion 96 6.5 Conclusions remarks 98 References 100 Chapter SEVEN7: Physiological and Protein Responses to Drought Stress in Hippophae rhamnoides 104 7.1 Introduction 104 7.2 Material and method 105 7.3 Results 108 7.4 Discussion 117 7.5 Conclusion 119 References 120 Chapter EIGHT8: Clonal Reproduction and Natural Variation of Populus canescens Patches 122 8.1 Introduction 122 8.2 Materials and methods 123 8.3 Results 127 8.4 Discussion 137 References 140 Color Plates

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Chapter 1 Advances in Proteomics Research on Forest Tree
Abstract: Forest plays an important role in maintenance of ecosystem equilibrium and provides material energy. It has a set of mechanism of its own growth, development, and metabolism. Proteomics is a crucial means to reveal the material life phenomenon in biology nowadays. In this chapter, the trend of technical system of proteomics, such as extraction, separation, identification method of protein, was introduced and existing problem was indicated. In addition, different research direction of forest proteomics (i.e. tress response, wood formation, developmental regulation, pest control) were discussed respectively combined with overseas research. Finally, the prospect to its future development was given.
1.1 Introduction
With the advent of the post-genome era, proteomics have been a rapid development. Compared with genomics, proteomics can provide some unparalleled advantages. Firstly, it more accurately identifies the proteins and obtains related functions. Secondly, the “one gene, one protein (or function)” hypothesis is thus not applicable at present time, to a certain extent, proteomics can detect post translational modifications (PTMs) (Agrawal and Rakwal, 2006). Although proteomics research has been used on a large number of species, it mainly concentrated on model species and animals. About less than 5% of species was plant which focused on model plants such as Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), wheat (Triticum aestivum), rice (Oryza sativa) and maize (Zea mays), poplar (Populus trichocarpa), etc. (Jorrín-Novo et al., 2009; Oeljeklaus et al., 2009). The species involved in the forest were less, which is disaccord with forestry importance in the ecosystem. Due to global climate change, energy shortages, the contradictions between human and nature will stand out in the future. Forestry role in human life will strengthen increasingly. So, it is a very meaningful work to spread proteomics research on forest trees to solve production problems. In this section, the research progress of proteomic technology system and hot research topics are being reviewed. Finally, the prospect of proteomics research in the forestry is discussed.
1.2 Research progress on proteomic technology system
1.2.1 Protein extraction method

Chapter 1 Advances in Proteomics Research on Forest Tree Abstract: Forest plays an important role in maintenance of ecosystem equilibrium and provides material energy. It has a set of mechanism of its own growth, development, and metabolism. Proteomics is a crucial means to reveal the material life phenomenon in biology nowadays. In this chapter, the trend of technical system of proteomics, such as extraction, separation, identification method of protein, was introduced and existing problem was indicated. In addition, different research direction of forest proteomics (i.e. tress response, wood formation, developmental regulation, pest control) were discussed respectively combined with overseas research. Finally, the prospect to its future development was given. 1.1 Introduction With the advent of the post-genome era, proteomics have been a rapid development. Compared with genomics, proteomics can provide some unparalleled advantages. Firstly, it more accurately identifies the proteins and obtains related functions. Secondly, the “one gene, one protein (or function)” hypothesis is thus not applicable at present time, to a certain extent, proteomics can detect post translational modifications (PTMs) (Agrawal and Rakwal, 2006). Although proteomics research has been used on a large number of species, it mainly concentrated on model species and animals. About less than 5% of species was plant which focused on model plants such as Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), wheat (Triticum aestivum), rice (Oryza sativa) and maize (Zea mays), poplar (Populus trichocarpa), etc. (Jorrín-Novo et al., 2009; Oeljeklaus et al., 2009). The species involved in the forest were less, which is disaccord with forestry importance in the ecosystem. Due to global climate change, energy shortages, the contradictions between human and nature will stand out in the future. Forestry role in human life will strengthen increasingly. So, it is a very meaningful work to spread proteomics research on forest trees to solve production problems. In this section, the research progress of proteomic technology system and hot research topics are being reviewed. Finally, the prospect of proteomics research in the forestry is discussed. 1.2 Research progress on proteomic technology system 1.2.1 Protein extraction method Extraction of high concentration and high purity protein is the most important in the process of the whole proteomics research. Because proteins include many complex biochemical properties, such as charge number, molecular weight, hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, post-translational modification, and interaction with other molecules, and these properties are changed along with the species difference, such as developmental stages, cell and tissue types, and different growth conditions, many protein extraction methods were established. Harvesting the maximum amount of protein to match protein analysis (such as liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry) and protein identification is the most perfect method (Sheoran et al., 2009). It is a challenging to extract protein from plant tissues or cells, because of abundant metabolites and complex cell structure, for example the presence of plant cell walls. Usually, the protein content in plant cell is relatively low, and most of these proteins are proteases and oxidative enzymes (except dormant seeds and pollen) (Jamet et al., 2006), the metabolites of plant cells (such as pigments, phenolic mixture, lipids, polysaccharide) has a wide spectral range, these metabolites can cause pollution during protein extraction, which will impact protein separation and following analysis (Jamet et al., 2006). So far, a lot of protein extraction methods have been reported, phenol method and trichloroacetic acid- acetone precipitation method (TCA method) are commonly used in many plant tissues (Carpentier et al., 2005; Delaplace et al., 2006; Giavalisco et al., 2003). Extraction of membrane proteins, low abundance proteins and hydrophobic proteins is the main bottleneck of conventional extraction methods (Lilley and Dupree, 2006). Thus, many researchers have improved on it, such as Bio-rad company developed ProteoMiner low-abundance protein enrichment kits (Walton and Jayaraman, 2009); a cysteine shotgun method was used to probe the protein structure (Johnson et al., 2007; Tsai et al., 2008); microfluidic devices were used to separate and concentrate proteins in the bacterial cells (Bao and Lu, 2008), which is based on the principles of physics rather than chemical and biological reactions. Electrophoresis and microfluidic technology is also been used for sample preparation (Walton and Jayaraman, 2009). The general principle is as follows: firstly, preconcentrate low-abundance proteins using polydimethylsiloxane equipment, then isoelectric focusing (IEF) electrophoresis separates proteins, finally SDS-PAGE separates proteins based primarily on molecular weight, which is the three-dimensional gel electrop

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